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How to connect to a server with SSH
Open a secure command line on a remote server from Windows, macOS or Linux, and understand the host key prompt you see the first…
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How to migrate a cPanel account to another cPanel server
Three ways to move a whole cPanel account (files, databases, email and DNS zone) to a new server, with annotated WHM screenshots for each.
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How to migrate email to a new host
Copy mailboxes over IMAP, switch the MX records, and pick up the stragglers, without losing a single message.
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How to change hosts without downtime
Run the old and new servers side by side, switch DNS when the new one is proven, and keep the old one answering until…
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Website migration checklist
Everything to check before, during and after moving a website to a new host, so nothing is forgotten and nothing breaks.
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How to move a WordPress site to a new host
Copy the files and database, test on the new server before anyone else sees it, then switch DNS with the old host kept as…
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How to flush your DNS cache
Make your computer forget old DNS answers after a site move or record change. Commands for Windows, macOS, Linux and every major browser.
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How to set up SPF, DKIM and DMARC
Three DNS records that prove your email is really from you, so it reaches inboxes and nobody else can send as your domain.
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What is a nameserver?
Nameservers hold your domain’s DNS records. Changing them moves control of every record to a new provider at once.
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How to point a domain to a server
Connect a domain to your hosting by setting A records, adding www, and checking the change before you rely on it.
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What is DNS propagation, and how long does it take?
Why a DNS change reaches some people in minutes and others in hours, how to check its progress, and how to make the next…
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DNS record types explained
A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, CAA and SRV: what each DNS record does, with real examples you can copy.
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How DNS works
DNS turns a name like example.com into the IP address of a server. Here is every step of a lookup, and why caching makes…
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What is cPanel (and Plesk)?
Control panels put a web interface on top of a hosting server, so you can manage sites, email, databases and files without the command…
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What does 99.9% uptime actually mean?
Uptime percentages converted into real downtime per month and year, and what a host’s guarantee really promises.
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How much RAM and CPU does a website need?
Rough starting sizes for common sites, why memory runs out before CPU, and how to measure what your own site actually uses.
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Managed or unmanaged hosting: which do you need?
The server can be identical. What changes is who installs updates, watches for problems and fixes things at 3 a.m.
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Shared, VPS, dedicated or cloud hosting: what is the difference?
Four labels, one question: how a physical server is divided up, and who looks after your part of it.
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What is web hosting?
A website is a set of files and usually a database. Hosting is the computer that keeps them online and answers every visitor’s request,…
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How to fix ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR
The browser and server could not agree on a secure connection at all. Usually HTTPS is not set up on that port, or the…
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Why do my emails go to spam?
Most legitimate mail lands in spam for fixable reasons: missing SPF, DKIM or DMARC, a server with a poor reputation, or a site sending…
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How to fix the WordPress white screen of death
A blank page or “There has been a critical error” means PHP stopped with a fatal error. Find the plugin or theme responsible and…
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How to fix “Error establishing a database connection”
WordPress cannot reach its database. Either the login details are wrong, the database server is down, or the database itself is damaged.
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How to fix ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
The server answered, but nothing was listening on that port. Usually the web server is stopped, listening elsewhere, or a firewall rejects you.